When combined with different legal systems, linguistic pluralism risks giving rise to many ambiguities and difficulties in the field of judicial cooperation in criminal matters. Article 82 TFEU, in its English, French, and Italian versions, illustrates the difficulties of reconciling different legal systems while respecting linguistic pluralism and refers to the difficulties in translating legal concepts. Article 86 TFEU, on the other hand, highlights how legal and linguistic pluralism can be used advantageously for the creation of new common institutions that take account of national traditions.